Design and Control of the Induction Motor Propulsion of an Electric Vehicle

International audienceThis paper deals with a methodology for presizing the induction motor propulsion of an Electric Vehicle (EV). Based on the EV desired performances, the induction motor optimal power can be calculated. The final objective is to find its minimum weight, volume, and cost that meet the design constraints with minimum power under the European urban (ECE-15) and sub-urban (EUDC) driving cycles. The power presizing methodology is validated through extensive simulations for different induction motor-based EVs using a siding mode control technique

An Adaptive Electric Differential for Electric Vehicles Motion Stabilization

International audienceThis paper proposes a traction drive system for electric vehicles (EVs) with two separate induction motor drive-based wheels. In this case, an electric differential (ED) is developed. To handle EV stability while cornering or under slippery road condition, the proposed traction drive uses direct torque control and an adaptive-flux-and-speed-observer-based algorithm. EV-specific experimental tests on a digital signal processor TMS320LF2407 are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive ED in terms of robustness and stability

On the Transition Improvement of EV or HEV Induction Motor Propulsion Sensor Fault-Tolerant Controller

International audienceThis technical paper deals with the transition performance improvement of a sensor fault-tolerant controller devoted to Electric (EV) or Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). Indeed, improvements are brought over a previously developed technique that exhibit abrupt changes in the torque if a sensor fault is detected and after a transition from a control technique to another one [1]. The Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) system firstly concerns the sliding mode control technique since better performances are obtained with an encoder to get the speed information. In the event of unavailability of the speed sensor, a sensorless fuzzy control technique is applied. In the proposed active fault-tolerant control approach a short and a smooth transition are achieved from the encoder-based control technique to the sensorless one using an appropriate fuzzy logic decision approach

A Comparison of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Three-Phase H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for DTC Induction Motor Drives

International audienceEarlier studies have pointed out the limitations of conventional inverters, especially in high-voltage and high-power applications. In recent years, multilevel inverters are becoming increasingly popular for high-power applications due to their improved harmonic profile and increased power ratings. Several studies have been reported in the literature on multilevel inverters topologies, control techniques, and applications. However, there are few studies that actually discuss or evaluate the performance of induction motor drives associated with three-phase multilevel inverter. This paper presents then a comparison study for a cascaded H-bridge multilevel direct torque control (DTC) induction motor drive. In this case, symmetrical and asymmetrical arrangements of five- and seven-level H-bridge inverters are compared in order to find an optimum arrangement with lower switching losses and optimized output voltage quality. The carried out experiments show that an asymmetrical configuration provides nearly sinusoidal voltages with very low distortion, using less switching devices. Moreover, torque ripples are greatly reduced

A Minimization of Speed Ripple of Sensorless DTC for controlled Induction Motors used in Electric Vehicles

International audienceThe main theme of this paper is to present different switching techniques in DTC induction motor drives for electric vehicle applications, witch insert zero-voltage vector and/or more non zero-voltage vectors to the conventional switching table associated to full adaptive flux and speed observer. Those techniques are quite effective in reducing the torque pulsation and the speed ripples of the motors, as demonstrated in experimental results

A Fuzzy-Based Strategy to Improve Control Reconfiguration Performance of a Sensor Fault-Tolerant Induction Motor Propulsion

International audienceThis short paper deals with the transition performance improvement of a sensor fault-tolerant controller devoted to automotive applications. Indeed, improvements are brought over a previously developed technique that exhibit abrupt changes in the torque if a sensor fault is detected and after a transition from a control technique to another one [1]. The Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) system firstly concerns the sliding mode control technique since better performances are obtained with an encoder to get the speed information. In the event of unavailability of the speed sensor, a sensorless fuzzy control technique is applied. In the proposed active fault-tolerant control approach a short and a smooth transition are achieved from the encoder-based control technique to the sensorless one using an appropriate fuzzy logic decision approach

A Sensorless Direct Torque Control Scheme Suitable for Electric Vehicles

International audienceIn this paper a sensorless control is proposed to increase the efficiency of a Direct Torque Control (DTC) of an induction motor propelling an Electric Vehicle (EV). The proposed scheme uses an adaptive flux and speed observer that is based on a full order model of the induction motor. Moreover, it is evaluated on an EV global model taking into account the vehicle dynamics. Simulations were first carried out on a test vehicle propelled by a 37-kW induction motor to evaluate the consistency and the performance of the proposed control approach. The commonly used European drive cycle ECE-15 is adopted for simulation. The obtained results seem to be very promising. Then, the proposed control approach was experimentally implemented, on a TMS320F240 DSP-based development board, and tested on 1-kW induction motor. Experimental results show that the proposed control scheme is effective in terms of speed and torque performances. Indeed, it allows speed and torque ripple minimization. Moreover, the obtained results show that the proposed sensorless DTC scheme for induction motors is a good candidate for EVs propulsion

A Control Reconfiguration Strategy for Post-Sensor FTC in Induction Motor-Based EVs

International audienceThis paper deals with experimental validation of a reconfiguration strategy for sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) in induction-motor-based electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed active FTC system is illustrated using two control techniques: indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) in the case of healthy sensors and speed control with slip regulation (SCSR) in the case of failed current sensors. The main objective behind the reconfiguration strategy is to achieve a short and smooth transition when switching from a controller using a healthy sensor to another sensorless controller in the case of a sensor failure. The proposed FTC approach performances are experimentally evaluated on a 7.5-kW induction motor drive

SDTC-EKF Control of an Induction Motor Based Electric Vehicle

International audienceThis paper presents the experimental implementation of sensorless direct torque control of an induction motor based electric vehicle. In this case, stator flux and rotational speed estimations are achieved using an extended Kalman filter. Experimental results on a test vehicle propelled by a 1-kW induction motor seem to indicate that the proposed scheme is a good candidate for an electric vehicle control

A Simple and Effective Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for Urban Electric Vehicles

This paper deals with hardware-in-the-loop simulation of urban electric vehicles. The proposed platform, which is expected to be used for electric vehicle prototyping, is very simple and effective. Indeed, the induction motorbased powertrain is coupled to DC machine-based load torque emulator taking into account the electric vehicle mechanics and aerodynamics. Experiments are carried-out using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) to show that the proposed hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is effective and provides a simple configuration for prototyping electric vehicles